1. In a learning situation, _____ is the behavior actually observed; whereas ______ is inferred from the behavior.

performance; learning
performance; cognition
overt; covert
learning; performance

2. When the movie JAWS came out I jumped at the opportunity to see it. However, afterwards every time I went to the beach I had an uneasy feeling, even when I just sat on the beach and didn't go in the water. A Psychologist might say that in that situation, the beach served as a(n):

unconditioned stimulus
conditioned stimulus
unconditioned response
conditioned response

3. In trace conditioning, when is the US presented?

after the CS has been terminated
before the CS has been terminated
before the CR has been terminated
after the CR has been terminated

4. In his classic studies, when Pavlov presented the bell (CS) continuously without the presentation of the meat powder (US), the dog's salivation decreased due to a process called:

spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
extinction
reinforcement

5. If a neutral stimulus (for example a light) is presented consistently before a CS (for example a tone), it (the light) may come to elicit the CR by itself, in a process called:

stimulus disrimination
spontaneous recovery
extinction
higher order conditioning

6. The form of learning in which a response increases because reinforcement is presented after the desired response is given, and is concerned primarily with nonreflexive behaviors (meaning the behaviors are voluntary and controllable by the organism) is called:

classical conditioning
extinction
cognitive responding
operant conditioning

7. According to Skinner, during ________ a pleasant stimulus should be given after the operant response has been made (for example, a food reward should be given after a rat presses a lever), while in ______, an aversive stimulus should be removed after the operant response has been made.

positive reinforcement; negative reinforcement
negative reinforcement; positive reinforcement
positive punishment; negative punishment
negative punishment; positive punishment

8. Many fathers find that once their baby learns to say "daddy" they begin to call all men by this name. This is an example of:

shaping
an obnoxious child
generalization
discrimination

9. A rat is placed on a reinforcement schedule on which it gets food rewards every time it (the rat) presses the lever a total of 130 times (so if it pressed the lever 260 times, it would get rewarded twice). This type of schedule is a:

variable ratio
fixed interval
fixed ratio
variable interval

10. Slot machines are programmed to provide reinforecement after an average number of lever pulls (for example, give a jackpot after the lever is pulled an average of 200 times). This type of reinforcement schedule in which reinforcement is given after an average number of operant responses has occurred is called a:

variable ratio
fixed ratio
variable interval
fixed interval

Score =

Correct answers:

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